Universal scheme towards temporal solitons formation and stabilization via engineered interplay of second-order and third-order nonlinearities
Phys. Rev. A 113, 063501 – Published 1 June, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/twkh-8fxk
Abstract
Temporal soliton formation requires a precise balance between dispersion and nonlinearity, yet this balance is easily disrupted, driving pulses into broadened, breathing, or breakup states. In this work we propose a universal strategy for temporal soliton generation and stabilization based on a phase framework that simultaneously accounts for dispersion, second-order and third-order nonlinearities. In this framework, pump-parameter phase diagrams map regions of nonsolitonic distortion, breathing-type dynamics, and stable soliton propagation. By engineering competing or synergic interactions between and , operating pump conditions can be steered from distorted or breathing regimes into the stable-soliton domain. Using intentionally detuned phase-matched conditions, second-harmonic generation induces a controllable temporal chirp that either compensates or reinforces effects, substantially expanding the soliton stability window by achieving robust balance with dispersion. Simulations show that such optimized periodically poled lithium niobate structures enable tunable competing or synergic nonlinearities supporting soliton propagation over pump-parameter space with a wavelength range of 1.1–5 µm and intensities of , even with second-harmonic generation efficiencies below 1%, substantially extending the accessible regime for broadband, phase-coherent, ultrafast soliton control far beyond single-nonlinearity limits.