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    Universal scheme towards temporal solitons formation and stabilization via engineered interplay of second-order and third-order nonlinearities

    Yuanyuan Liu1, Lihong Hong1,2,3,*, and Zhi-Yuan Li1,†

    • *Contact author: honglihong@siom.ac.cn
    • †Contact author: phzyli@scut.edu.cn†

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 063501 – Published 1 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/twkh-8fxk

    Abstract

    Temporal soliton formation requires a precise balance between dispersion and nonlinearity, yet this balance is easily disrupted, driving pulses into broadened, breathing, or breakup states. In this work we propose a universal strategy for temporal soliton generation and stabilization based on a phase framework that simultaneously accounts for dispersion, second-order (2nd−NL) and third-order (3rd−NL) nonlinearities. In this framework, pump-parameter phase diagrams map regions of nonsolitonic distortion, breathing-type dynamics, and stable soliton propagation. By engineering competing or synergic interactions between 2nd−NL and 3rd−NL, operating pump conditions can be steered from distorted or breathing regimes into the stable-soliton domain. Using intentionally detuned phase-matched conditions, second-harmonic generation induces a controllable temporal chirp that either compensates or reinforces 3rd−NL effects, substantially expanding the soliton stability window by achieving robust balance with dispersion. Simulations show that such optimized periodically poled lithium niobate structures enable tunable competing or synergic nonlinearities supporting soliton propagation over pump-parameter space with a wavelength range of 1.1–5 µm and intensities of 3.5–175 GW/cm2, even with second-harmonic generation efficiencies below 1%, substantially extending the accessible regime for broadband, phase-coherent, ultrafast soliton control far beyond single-nonlinearity limits.

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