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    Spectral theory of energy-selective quantum search with Ising Hamiltonian phase oracles

    A. S. Plyashechnik1, A. A. Zhukov1, A. V. Lebedev1,2, and W. V. Pogosov1,2,3

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 042463 – Published 28 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tgsx-5nz4

    Abstract

    We develop an exact spectral-response theory for the Grover-type iterate WT=Dξexp(−iTH), in which the evolution generated by a diagonal Ising Hamiltonian is used directly as a continuous phase oracle. An energy-grouped recurrence and its generating-function solution show how the empirical characteristic function determines the position, width, height, and saturation time of an energy-selective resonance. For an annealed Gaussian density of states, a high-density-tail resonance containing M configurations is reached after Θ(2n/M) oracle calls with success probability Θ(1), giving a quadratic query improvement over independent uniform sampling with classical energy evaluation. For correlated random Ising spectra, overlap-dependent covariances lead to a realization-dependent resonance shift with root-mean-square scale O(n−3), parametrically larger than the resonance width, and can also reduce the peak height. The shift is both an algorithmic detuning and a coherent probe of sample-specific spectral fluctuations whose ensemble statistics reflect the Ising overlap structure. Spectral symmetrization and iterative calibration can remove or compensate the resonance-center displacement for prescribed-energy targeting. We also clarify the relation to designed spectral filters and the precision and coherence requirements of this asymptotic primitive.

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