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Soliton resuscitations: Asymmetric revivals of the breathing mode of an atomic bright soliton in a harmonic trap
Phys. Rev. A 113, 053314 – Published 14 May, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tfwz-qcjg
Abstract
An atomic bright soliton realized in a quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate can be considered as an open quantum system. The soliton’s breathing mode, for example, is damped by emission of atoms from the soliton to spatial infinity, which thus acts as a Markovian environment for the soliton. If the soliton is held in a shallow harmonic trap, however, the environment becomes non-Markovian: emitted atoms oscillate in the trap and eventually return to the soliton, interfering with it, producing periodic revivals of the breathing mode (“resuscitations”). The amplitude envelopes of these breathing revivals show a curious asymmetry, with a gradual increase in breathing amplitude followed by a sudden drop in amplitude that becomes more and more pronounced in later revivals. We explain this asymmetrical revival pattern in the non-Markovian revivals by deriving a close analytical approximation to the Bogoliubov–de Gennes frequency spectrum for the weakly trapped soliton.
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