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    Dynamical decoupling pulses beyond the rotating-wave approximation for quantum sensing applications

    Bei Wen, Lu Chen, Jiawen Jiang, and Qiong Chen*

    • Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China and Hunan Research Center of the Basic Discipline for Quantum Effects and Quantum Technologies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China

    • *Contact author: qchen@hunnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 032446 – Published 22 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/s97j-g1vl

    Abstract

    Conventional dynamical decoupling employs pulse sequences whose microwave implementation relies on the rotating-wave approximation (RWA), which constrains the driving strength so that it remains much smaller than the qubit energy-level splitting. This requirement fundamentally limits pulse speed and detection bandwidth, particularly in systems with small level splittings. Here, we develop a Floquet-engineered dynamical decoupling framework that operates beyond the RWA and can simultaneously achieve high-fidelity decoupling, faster spin manipulation, and enhanced robustness under strong driving. Based on these pulses, we construct Floquet dynamical-decoupling sequences that maintain decoupling performance while substantially extending the detectable ac magnetic-field frequency range. Numerical simulations using nitrogen-vacancy centers demonstrate reliable quantum sensing in regimes inaccessible to conventional RWA-based schemes, with the detection bandwidth scaling directly with the achievable Rabi frequency. Our results establish Floquet-based dynamical decoupling as a general strategy for broadband quantum sensing in strongly driven two-level systems.

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