Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation

    Heavy-flavored hydrogen molecule systems

    Hui-Min Yang*, Yao Ma†, and Shi-Lin Zhu‡

    • School of Physics and Center of High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

    • *Contact author: hmyang@pku.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: yaoma@pku.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: zhusl@pku.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 052822 – Published 19 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/s87p-f1mg

    Abstract

    This study provides a comprehensive analysis of S-wave exotic hydrogen-like three-body systems (ppμ−, ppτ−, μ−μ−p, τ−τ−p, pμ−τ−) with spin parity JP=1/2+ and 3/2+, and four-body systems (ppμ−μ−, ppτ−τ−) with JP=0+, 1+, and 2+. The wave functions are constructed using complete spin configurations and spatial components with various Jacobi coordinate structures. We use complex scaling and Gaussian expansion methods to solve the complex-scaled Schrödinger equation and obtain possible bound and quasibound states. The resulting binding energies range from −33.8 keV to −340eV, with the pμ−τ− system being the only case where no bound state is found. Furthermore, we present theoretical estimation of the bound-state energy levels of ppμ−μ− and ppτ−τ−, which is of significant importance for understanding exotic few-body Coulomb systems. We also analyze spin configurations and root-mean-square radii to elucidate the spatial structure of these bound and quasibound states. Our results reveal that K-type spatial configurations play a crucial role in accurately describing bound and quasibound states in the hydrogen-molecule-like systems ppμ−μ− and ppτ−τ−. Incorporating K-type configurations significantly alters the mass spectra of these states. Future muon colliders and muon facilities may offer promising platforms for the possible copious production of such heavy flavored hydrogen molecules and molecular ions. For instance, scattering processes such as 2μ−+H2→H2μ+2e−, μ−+H2→Hμe+e−, and μ−+H2+→H2μ++e− could be utilized, facilitating detailed studies of intriguing states such as H2μ, Hμe, and H2μ+.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    Authorization Required

    We need you to provide your credentials before accessing this content.

    References (Subscription Required)

    Outline

    Information

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation