We propose an architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computing that incorporates strong single-photon nonlinearities into a photonic Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-measurement-based architecture. The nonlinearities substantially reduce resource overhead compared to conventional linear-optics-based architectures, which require significant redundancy to accommodate probabilistic photon generation and probabilistic entangling operations. By removing linear-optical failure modes, our nonlinear architecture can also tolerate much higher optical losses than linear approaches, with a baseline loss tolerance of approximately $12\%$ using a 32-photon resource state and a foliated surface code. Nonlinear photonic architectures provide a route to dramatically improving practical implementations of fault-tolerant quantum computing.

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• Measurement-based quantum computing
• Quantum computation
• Quantum error correction
• Quantum optics
• Surface code quantum computing