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    X-ray spectroscopy of 4f–3d transitions in Cr-like tungsten

    Shihan Huang1, Jifei Wu1, Zhiming Tang1,2, Ziqiang Tian1, Shaokun Ma1, Jinyu Li1, Yang Yang1,*, Huajian Ji3, Zichao Lin3 et al.

    Bo Lyu3, Hongming Zhang3, Xiaobin Ding4, Ke Yao1, and Yaming Zou1

    • 1Shanghai EBIT Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application, Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
    • 2State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
    • 3Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, China
    • 4Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Functional Materials of Gansu Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

    • *Contact author: yangyang@fudan.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 042818 – Published 17 April, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pw7y-mt18

    Abstract

    We present high-resolution measurements of 4f–3d x-ray transitions in Cr-like tungsten ions conducted at Shanghai Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT). These previously unresolved lines within the 5.195–5.260Å wavelength range are relevant to tokamak plasma diagnostics. High-resolution measurements using a flat Si (111) crystal spectrometer yielded experimental wavelengths with an accuracy of approximately 40 ppm. The agreement between the measured spectra and those theoretically simulated from Flexible Atomic Code calculations and collisional-radiative modeling supported the line identifications. For the seven identified lines, the average difference between experimental and theoretical wavelengths is around 132 ppm. In Maxwellian fusion plasmas, these Cr-like W50+ lines are predicted to maintain a stable profile similar to the profile observed in the EBIT. Additionally, some emissions from higher-charged tungsten were observed but remain unassigned. These measurements provide valuable benchmarks for both fusion plasma diagnostics and the validation of challenging atomic structure calculations of highly charged ions with open 3d subshell.

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