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    Long-lived metastable states in the 4f135d6s configuration of Yb+

    Z. E. D. Ackerman1,*, A. Cadarso Quevedo1, Ilango Maran1, L. P. H. Gallagher1, R. J. C. Spreeuw1, J. C. Berengut2, and R. Gerritsma1,3

    • *Contact author: z.e.d.ackerman@uva.nl

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 062811 – Published 17 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pjf5-r82f

    Abstract

    We study the occurrence of long-lived metastable states in the 4f135d6s electron configuration of Yb+. By optical pumping of a single trapped ion on the 2F7/2o→(7/2,0)7/2 transition at 377.5 nm, we prepare a wide range of metastable electronic states. We use a cotrapped control ion to sympathetically cool the spectroscopy ion, allowing us to accurately time its subsequent decay. We record a strong decay signal corresponding to a lifetime of 0.92(8) s and a weaker decay signal with a lifetime of 9.8(+2.9,−2.0) s and find evidence of a much longer lifetime, >30 s. We identify the metastable states with these lifetimes qualitatively and corroborate our results with atomic structure calculations that support the observed lifetimes and decay paths. These long-lived states provide opportunities in qubit- and qudit-state detection and optical clocks.

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