Long-lived metastable states in the configuration of
Phys. Rev. A 113, 062811 – Published 17 June, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pjf5-r82f
Abstract
We study the occurrence of long-lived metastable states in the electron configuration of . By optical pumping of a single trapped ion on the transition at 377.5 nm, we prepare a wide range of metastable electronic states. We use a cotrapped control ion to sympathetically cool the spectroscopy ion, allowing us to accurately time its subsequent decay. We record a strong decay signal corresponding to a lifetime of 0.92(8) s and a weaker decay signal with a lifetime of 9.8() s and find evidence of a much longer lifetime, s. We identify the metastable states with these lifetimes qualitatively and corroborate our results with atomic structure calculations that support the observed lifetimes and decay paths. These long-lived states provide opportunities in qubit- and qudit-state detection and optical clocks.