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    Gravity-induced entanglement under constrained dynamics

    Hollis Williams*

    • *Contact author: holliswilliams@hotmail.co.uk

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 032221 – Published 28 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pg7l-f26t

    Abstract

    Tests of gravity-induced entanglement have been proposed as a route to probing the quantum nature of gravity, but existing schemes rely on free-fall interferometry of massive spatial superpositions, imposing severe experimental constraints. We show that systems exhibiting effectively inertial dynamics in the short-time regime reproduce the same gravitational phase accumulation responsible for entanglement generation. Deviations from the free-fall phase enter at order (τ/T)2, where τ is the interaction timescale and T is the characteristic period of the constrained motion. We analyze a representative mechanically constrained implementation using carbon nanotube pendula and show that the resulting correction to the entangling phase remains small in experimentally relevant regimes, leading to a negligible modification of the interference visibility used to certify entanglement. These results demonstrate that gravity-induced entanglement protocols extend beyond free-fall implementations to a broader class of constrained dynamical systems, complementing existing proposals for experimental realisations of the Bose-Marletto-Vedral protocol.

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