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    Nonreciprocal charging in a quantum battery via a mediator

    Cheng-Ze Sun1, Zai-Kun Wang1, Wei-Bin Yan1, Ying-Jie Zhang1,*, Zhong-Xiao Man1, and Qing-Yu Cai1,2

    • 1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Polarization and Information Technology, Department of Physics, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
    • 2School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China

    • *Contact author: yingjiezhang@qfnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 012429 – Published 29 July, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/p93y-jflt

    Abstract

    Nonreciprocal quantum batteries, leveraging unidirectional energy transfer from charger to battery, demonstrate enhanced energy storage efficiency through their inherent directionality. We present an optimized nonreciprocal quantum battery architecture incorporating a quantum mediator between the battery and the charger to catalyze energy transfer. This mediator-enabled design significantly improves upon conventional direct-coupling configurations. Through comparative analysis of two distinct driving protocols (classical coherent driving versus quadratic temporal pulse excitation), we establish fundamental performance criteria for mediator-enhanced nonreciprocal quantum battery. Our results indicate that this proposed model expresses superior advantages over the previous conventional battery models without adding a mediator between the battery and the charger. Furthermore, we observe that under the classical driving, the decay rates of the charger and the battery could influence the relationship between the battery performance and the spectral width of the shared reservoir. Specifically, when the decay rates are weak, the battery performance and the spectral width of the shared reservoir would show a negative correlation. However, as the decay rates increase, this relationship would shift to a positive correlation. In contrast, under quadratic temporal pulse, the spectral width and the battery performance could represent a consistent positive correlation regardless of the decay rates of the charger and the battery.

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