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    Semi-device-independent certification of high-dimensional quantum channels

    Mengyan Li1,2,3, Yanning Jia1,2,3, Fenzhuo Guo1,2,3,*, Haifeng Dong4, Sujuan Qin3, and Fei Gao3

    • *Contact author: gfenzhuo@bupt.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 062408 – Published 1 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nvx7-1727

    Abstract

    Certifying high-dimensional quantum channels is essential for ensuring the reliability of quantum communication protocols. Existing certification schemes often rely on fully trusted internal devices, which is difficult to achieve in realistic scenarios. Here, we propose a semi-device-independent framework for certifying channel properties directly from observed statistics, assuming only that the system dimension is known. By explicitly incorporating the full set of structural constraints inherent in Choi states, our approach exploits the Choi-Jamiołkowski isomorphism for rigorous certification of quantum channels. The entanglement dimensionality of quantum channels is first certified by introducing a witness and numerically determining its Schmidt-number-dependent bounds. This certification method reproduces known analytical benchmarks and is applied to dephasing and depolarizing noise channels, thereby confirming its validity. To provide a more complete assessment of channel performance, the entanglement fidelity of quantum channels is also certified using a hierarchy of semidefinite programming relaxations based on localizing matrices. Lower bounds on the entanglement fidelity are obtained that are compatible with either the full set of observed statistics or a single witness value.

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