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  • Letter

Moderate-terahertz-induced plateau expansion of high-order harmonic generation to the soft-x-ray region

Doan-An Trieu1,2,*, Thanh Tran3, Duong D. Hoang-Trong4,5, Cam-Tu Le6,7, Sang Ha3, Ngoc-Hung Phan3, F. V. Potemkin8, Van-Hoang Le3, and Ngoc-Loan Phan3,†

  • *Contact author: trieudoanan@duytan.edu.vn
  • †Contact author: loanptn@hcmue.edu.vn

Phys. Rev. A 114, L031101 – Published 14 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/n2fj-tqfb

Abstract

Extending the high-harmonic cutoff with experimentally accessible fields is essential for advancing tabletop coherent extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and soft-x-ray sources. Although terahertz (THz) assistance offers a promising route, cutoff extension at weak-to-moderate, laboratory-accessible THz strengths remains poorly understood. In this Letter, we investigate THz-assisted high-order harmonic generation (HHG) using time-dependent Schrödinger equation simulations supported by classical trajectory, quantum-orbit theory, and Bohmian dynamics. We demonstrate that even weak-to-moderate THz fields extend the cutoff, producing a pronounced “fish-fin” structure whose dominant branches saturate near Ip+8Up. We attribute this extension to long electron excursions spanning multiple optical cycles before recombination. This cutoff-extension mechanism is robust across atomic species and driving parameters, indicating that laboratory-scale THz fields enable practical cutoff control and access to high-energy HHG.

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