We propose a measurement-based quantum metrology protocol in a composite model, where the probe system (a spin ensemble) is coupled to an ancillary two-level system (qubit) with a general Heisenberg XXZ interaction. With optimized probe-ancilla coupling strengths and duration of joint evolution, the two parallel evolution paths of the probe system induced by the unconditional measurement on qubit can transform an eigenstate of the collective angular momentum operator of spin ensemble into a two-component state with a large distance in eigenspace. The quantum Fisher information about the phase encoded in the probe system of polarized states or their superposition, that could be relaxed to mixed states, can therefore manifest an exact or asymptotic quadratic scaling with respect to the probe size (spin number) $N$. The quadratic scaling behavior is found to be insensitive to the imperfect encoding operator, polarized direction of probe, and coupling strength. The phase sensitivity can approach the Heisenberg limit by virtue of the parity detection on either ancillary qubit or probe system. This work justifies that the unconditional measurement on a weakly coupled qubit could be an efficient resource to replace Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger–type states and squeezing Hamiltonian for exceeding the standard quantum limit in metrology precision.

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• Quantum information theory
• Quantum metrology
• Quantum parameter estimation