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    Violation of local realism with spatially multimode parametric down-conversion pumped by spatially incoherent light

    Cheng Li1,*, Jeremy Upham1, Boris Braverman2, and Robert W. Boyd1,3,†

    • *Contact author: cli221@uottawa.ca
    • †Contact author: rboyd@uottawa.ca

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 053726 – Published 25 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mxxf-ycdf

    Abstract

    We experimentally demonstrate a violation of local realism with highly spatially multimode polarization-entangled two-photon states produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) pumped by a spatially incoherent light source—a light-emitting diode (LED). While existing studies have observed such a violation only by postselecting the LED-pumped SPDC photons into a single spatial detection mode, we achieve a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality violation of S=2.532±0.069>2 using a spatially multimode detection setup that collects nearly 4080 SPDC spatial modes. These results indicate that coherent pump sources, such as lasers, are not required for SPDC-based entanglement generation. Our work could enable novel and practical sources of entangled photons for quantum technologies such as device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum-enhanced sensing.

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