Restriction-based certificate of bipartite Schmidt rank in hypergraph states
Phys. Rev. A 114, 022410 – Published 6 August, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mkv9-kjw3
Abstract
We investigate bipartite entanglement in qubit hypergraph states across an arbitrary fixed bipartition. Using the real equally weighted representation, the Schmidt rank across the cut can be computed as the real rank of a phase-cleaned cross-cut sign matrix. Whereas graph states admit an exact cut-rank rule, because the cross-cut phase is purely bilinear, hypergraph states typically contain higher-degree cross-cut interactions, for which the cut-rank rule fails. Our approach certifies entanglement by fixing a single computational-basis assignment on a subset of qubits, thereby selecting a submatrix on an active slice. When this restriction removes all higher-degree cross-cut residues, the remaining cross-cut phase becomes bilinear up to cut-local terms. We call the resulting submatrices residual-free bilinear cores and show that they yield an exponential Schmidt-rank lower bound in terms of the rank of an exposed core matrix. We further give a combinatorial sufficient condition, phrased as a disjoint bridge matching, that guarantees large full-rank cores for structured sparse controlled-controlled-Z-type bridge patterns. This condition is sufficient rather than necessary: it is meant to identify a checkable regime where the certificate is provably strong, while the accompanying search-and-verify procedure can certify residual-free cores beyond the explicit matching pattern whenever the verification test succeeds.