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Quadratic spin-phonon coupling and bipolarons in trapped ions

L. P. H. Gallagher1, M. Mazzanti2,3, Z. E. D. Ackerman1, R. J. C. Spreeuw1, A. Safavi-Naini1,4, and R. Gerritsma1,4

  • 1Van der Waals–Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 2Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
  • 3Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
  • 4QuSoft, Science Park 123, 1098 XG Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Phys. Rev. A 112, L020401 – Published 4 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mcl9-27tj

Abstract

We consider the quantum simulation of quadratic spin-phonon coupling in a crystal of trapped ions. The coupling is implemented using tightly focused optical tweezers on each ion that change the local trapping potential in a state-dependent way. By encoding spins in the internal states of the ions and adding a tunneling term via Mølmer-Sørensen-type interactions, we calculate the emergence of mobile bipolarons driven by the zero-point energy of the ion crystal phonons. We show that thermal occupation may pin the bipolarons for ion crystals at finite temperature. Our scheme can be used to study and illustrate the emergence of mobile bipolarons as a function of temperature.

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