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    Leakage suppression in quantum control via static parameter offsets

    Ting Lin1, Zi-Hao Qin1, Zheng-Yuan Xue1,2,*, and Tao Chen1,2,†

    • 1Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, and School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
    • 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, and Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China

    • *Contact author: zyxue83@163.com
    • †Contact author: chentamail@163.com

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 042623 – Published 20 April, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lycw-g48q

    Abstract

    High-fidelity quantum operations require the system dynamics to be strictly confined to the computational subspace. In practice, however, control fields inevitably couple to leakage levels, giving rise to quantum state leakage that significantly reduces the fidelity of the operation. To address this challenge, we propose a general strategy for actively suppressing leakage errors by applying small, static offsets to tunable system parameters. This approach systematically mitigates leakage's detrimental impact on quantum control, without modifying the original control framework or incurring additional time overhead. By avoiding the need for extra suppression pulses or complex optimization procedures altogether, it offers a streamlined solution for leakage compensation while remaining fully compatible with subsequent optimal control techniques. Numerical validation conducted on superconducting quantum circuits demonstrates effective leakage suppression, enabling high-fidelity single-qubit gates, precise control of two-qubit interactions, and perfect state transfer in multilevel systems. Moreover, when integrated with optimal control techniques, our approach also allows for the cooperative suppression of both leakage errors and residual crosstalk. Therefore, this work provides a feasible technical pathway toward the low error thresholds required for fault-tolerant quantum computation.

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