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    Generation of spin-squeezed state for electronic spin in an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers by cavity feedback

    Guodong Jin1, Diguang Wu1,2, and Xing Rong1,2,3,4,*

    • 1Laboratory of Spin Magnetic Resonance, School of Physical Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
    • 2Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
    • 3State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing and School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    • 4Institute of Quantum Sensing, Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of R&D and Application of Cutting-edge Scientific Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

    • *Contact author: xrong@ustc.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 013720 – Published 13 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ljbz-zzrl

    Abstract

    Spin-squeezed states play an important role in quantum metrology, as they enhance the measurement precision beyond the standard quantum limit. Here we propose an approach to generating spin-squeezed states in a solid-state platform by coupling an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers to an optical cavity at cryogenic temperature. Through cavity feedback, this setup enables the implementation of an all-to-all interaction (twist-and-turn), facilitating the generation of spin-squeezed states. Our results show that 7.5 dB of squeezing is achievable in the presence of imperfections including dephasing and nonuniform coupling.

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