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    Stable quantum vortices in Lee-Huang-Yang dipolar superfluids

    S. Sabari1, R. Radha2, Lauro Tomio1, and B. A. Malomed3,4

    • 1Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 01140-070 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
    • 2Centre for Nonlinear Science (CeNsc), Department of Physics, Government College for Women (A), Kumbakonam 612001, India
    • 3Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
    • 4Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, Chile

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 023315 – Published 17 February, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/k99g-25p3

    Abstract

    The nucleation and dynamics of vortices in the quasi-two-dimensional rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate are explored by taking into account the Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction to the mean-field (MF) theory. Assuming approximate cancellation of the MF interactions, we focus on the formation of a pure-LHY superfluid. The effect of rotational frequency Ω is investigated numerically by determining the corresponding number of stable vortices in the superfluid, together with the respective energy per particle E and chemical potential μ. The LHY superfluid provides a deep minimum of E and μ, indicating that it is a remarkably robust state of quantum matter. By fixing the LHY interaction strength, an exact single-vortex critical frequency is found, along with the respective chemical potential. A notable feature, observed when creating the LHY superfluid with fewer than five vortices, which is understood as being due to the superfluid's nonlinearity and trapping aspect ratio, is the large frequency ranges admitting the production of two and four vortices, as compared to the small frequency ranges to obtain one and three vortices.

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