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    Nondipole circularly polarized laser-assisted photoelectron emission

    R. Della Picca1,*, J. M. Randazzo1, S. D. López2, M. F. Ciappina3,4,5,†, and D. G. Arbó6,7,‡

    • *Contact author: renata@cab.cnea.gov.ar
    • †Contact author: marcelo.ciappina@gtiit.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: diego@iafe.uba.ar

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 023111 – Published 21 August, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hpnr-gwpr

    Abstract

    We theoretically study atomic laser-assisted photoelectric emission (LAPE) beyond the electric dipole approximation. We present a theoretical description based on the strong-field approximation (SFA) for first-order nondipole corrections [O(c−1), where c is the speed of light] to the nonrelativistic description of the laser-atom interaction for a strong circularly polarized IR laser field combined with a train of extreme-ultraviolet pulses. We investigate the photoelectron momentum distribution (PMD) as the product of two main contributions: the intra- and interpulse factors. Whereas the interpulse factor gives rise to a sideband pattern with a shift opposite to the IR beam propagation direction, the intrapulse factor forms an angular streaking pattern following the IR time-dependent polarization direction. We explore the transition of the PMD from the dipole to the nondipole framework, showing the gradual break of the forward-backward symmetry as the laser parameters are varied. Furthermore, we find nonzero contributions in dipole forbidden directions independent of the IR polarization state, wherein Cooper-like minima are observed. Our work lays a theoretical foundation for understanding time-resolved nondipole LAPE in cutting-edge ultrafast experiments.

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