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    Confinement-induced unatomic trimer states in mass-imbalanced systems

    R. M. Francisco1, D. S. Rosa1,2, T. Frederico1, G. Krein3, and M. T. Yamashita3

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 033315 – Published 15 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/h9d1-bvs4

    Abstract

    As resonantly interacting trimers of the type AAB are progressively squeezed from D=3 to D=2, unatomic states emerge. We calculated the contacts from the high-momentum tail of the single-particle densities. The sharp increase in the contacts serves as a signature of the transition between the Efimov and unatomic regimes, characterized by the emergence of continuous scale invariance when the system reaches a critical dimension Dc. This continuous scale invariance starts to dominate the behavior of the system at the dimension D¯<Dc, below which the trimers' momentum-distribution tails exhibit a power-law behavior signaling the unatomic regime. To illustrate our findings, we studied compounds with the forms Li7−Na223, Li7−Rb287, and Li7−Cs2133. The increase in the trimers' mass imbalance reduces the interval between Dc and D¯. The emergence of unatomic states can be experimentally verified by observing the two-body contact parameter, which is a quantity directly related to the thermodynamic properties of the gas.

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