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    Robust two-qubit gates for semiconductor spin qubits based on dynamical dimensionality reduction

    Qi-Pei Liu1, Jian Zhou2,1,*, and Zheng-Yuan Xue1,3,4,†

    • 1Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, and School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
    • 2School of Electrical and Photoelectronic Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, China
    • 3Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, and Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
    • 4Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China

    • *Contact author: jianzhou8627@163.com
    • †Contact author: zyxue83@163.com

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 022613 – Published 12 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gkrd-lm18

    Abstract

    High-fidelity two-qubit gates leverage qubit-qubit interactions and are essential for scalable quantum computation. However, environmental noise and imperfect control of the interactions are inevitable, which degrade the quality of gate operations. Here we introduce local microwave driving in conventional exchange-coupled semiconductor spin qubits and find that this can provide sufficient degrees of freedom to suppress various errors. Specifically, under specific driving configurations, we find that the two-qubit quantum dynamics can be mapped to lower-dimensional su(2) or su(2)⊕su(2) Lie algebraic structures. Thus, combining this mapping with filter-function theory and truncated Fourier pulse shaping, the robust quantum control of two qubits can be simplified as a pulse optimization problem for a quantum two-level system. Numerical simulations show that our optimized controlled phase and iSWAP gates maintain high fidelities, with typical errors under realistic conditions. Therefore, our protocol offers a promising alternative for robust quantum control.

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