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    Multimodal spectroscopy theory for ultrafast control of Rabi oscillations

    Jia-Wang Yu1,2,*, Hong-Bin Wang1,2,*, Xiao-Qing Zhou3,4, Min Tang5, Zhi-Bo Ni1,2, Xiao-Tian Cheng1,2, Yi Zhao1,2, Shu-Ning Ding1,2, Jun-Yong Yan1 et al.

    Hui-Hui Zhu1,2,6, Chen-Hui Li1,2, Feng Liu1, and Chao-Yuan Jin1,2,6,†

    • 1State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
    • 2ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
    • 3Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
    • 4Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
    • 5School of Optoelectronics Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
    • 6College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: jincy@zju.edu.cn
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    Phys. Rev. A 114, 043734 – Published 23 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g4dr-fh8b

    Abstract

    We investigate a three-cavity scheme to realize full control of the emitter-cavity coupling strength in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). The involvement of coupled oscillators gives rise to transient dynamics comprising multiple spectral components. To characterize such multimodal spectral dynamics, the sensor method is generalized to nonstationary quantum systems for calculating the time-resolved fluorescence spectrum. Multimodal spectroscopy reveals the emergence, splitting, and disappearance of supermodes in real time. Based on the depletion of the zero-energy supermode, ultrafast switching of Rabi oscillations is demonstrated for time-domain multimodal spectroscopy. These results exhibit a consistent picture from the spectral control of multiple oscillators to the quantum observation in ultrafast dynamics, which establishes the sensor method as a powerful theoretical tool for the ultrafast spectroscopy of cavity-QED systems.

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    Phys. Rev. A 114, 043734– Published 23 October, 2026
    • Received 21 January 2026
    • Revised 8 May 2026
    • Accepted 6 October 2026
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