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    Noise-resilient negative quantum states

    Jai Lalita1,*, Pavithran Iyer2,†, and Subhashish Banerjee1,‡

    • *Contact author: jai.1@iitj.ac.in
    • †Contact author: pavithransridhar@gmail.com
    • ‡Contact author: subhashish@iitj.ac.in

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 022427 – Published 18 February, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g3f6-p18d

    Abstract

    This study explores robust negative quantum states described using the framework of discrete Wigner functions. Notably, these states are known to outperform the Bell state in measures of entanglement in the presence of non-Markovian noise. Our study focuses on developing and implementing quantum circuits for generating these states on superconducting hardware, and realizing them on IBM's ibm_brisbane device. Their preparation is verified using quantum state tomography, demonstrating high fidelity under realistic noise conditions. We propose a teleportation scheme that leverages these entangled states as a resource. Furthermore, these states are found to perform better than the Bell states for maximal Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt  violation and maximal mean quantum Fisher information in noisy conditions. We believe that these negative quantum states have the potential to be used in place of the traditional Bell states in scenarios where non-Markovian errors are prevalent.

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