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    Integrated and tunable microwave-to-optical transduction via magno-optomechanics

    Jian-Fei Liu*, Zhi-Gang Hu*, Yu-Xiang Zhang, and Bei-Bei Li†

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: libeibei@iphy.ac.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 033512 – Published 11 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fwpw-f81y

    Abstract

    Microwave-to-optical transducers facilitate the distributed quantum network by combining the high-speed information-processing abilities of superconducting circuits with the long-distance, low-loss transmitting capabilities of optical photons. Besides core metrics such as high efficiency, low noise, and wide bandwidth, practical and scalable transducers also demand a compact footprint and frequency tunability. In this work, we propose an integrated and tunable transducer that combines a coplanar waveguide microwave resonator with a magno-optomechanical microcavity via flip-chip bonding. Benefiting from the broad frequency tunability of the magnon mode, the working frequency range can be tuned over several gigahertz. Through optimization of the geometry and pump powers, our design achieves a theoretical microwave-to-optical photon conversion efficiency exceeding 50% using experimentally achievable parameters, alongside a bandwidth greater than 10 kHz. An added noise near the quantum limit (∼1) is achievable at 10 mK using lower pump powers at the cost of conversion efficiency or a pulsed-pump protocol. By merging compact integration with wide frequency tunability, this platform offers a promising pathway toward scalable quantum networks.

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