Hyperfine spectroscopy and laser cooling of the fermionic isotopes and
Phys. Rev. A 114, 012806 – Published 9 July, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fsn1-cdv4
Abstract
We report on magneto-optical trapping of the two fermionic isotopes of atomic titanium, and . Unlike the even mass-number isotopes, which were recently laser cooled, and have nonzero nuclear spins and, consequently, their atomic levels are split by hyperfine structure. Combining and comparing theoretical calculations and atomic beam-spectroscopy measurements, we determine the hyperfine structures and isotope shifts of the optical-pumping transition at optical wavelength and the laser-cooling transition at wavelength . With this information, we produce magneto-optical traps of both and by applying two additional tones of light to repump atoms to the maximum-spin states on the laser-cooling transition. Directly loading from the atomic flux of a titanium sublimation pump, we produce and traps with 731(190) and 1142(240) atoms, and with lifetimes of and , respectively.