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    Analytical construction of (n, n−1)-quantum random access codes saturating the conjectured bound

    Takayuki Suzuki

    • Intellectual Property & Technology Strategy Division, SCSK Corporation, Koto, Tokyo 135-8110, Japan

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 012441 – Published 16 July, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fcz5-2g3w

    Abstract

    Quantum Random Access Codes (QRACs) embody the fundamental trade-off between the compressibility of information into limited quantum resources and the accessibility of that information, serving as a cornerstone of quantum communication and computation. In particular, the (n,n−1)-QRACs, which encode n bits of classical information into n−1 qubits, provides an ideal theoretical model for verifying quantum advantage in high-dimensional spaces; however, the analytical derivation of codes saturating the conjectured bound for general n has remained an open problem. In this paper, we establish an analytical construction method for (n,n−1)-QRACs by using an explicit operator formalism. We prove that this construction strictly achieves the numerically conjectured upper bound of the average success probability, P=1/2+(n−1)/n/2, for all n. Furthermore, we present a systematic algorithm to decompose the derived positive-operator-valued measure saturating this bound into standard quantum gates. Since the resulting decoding circuit consists solely of interactions between adjacent qubits, it can be implemented with a circuit depth of O(n) even under linear connectivity constraints. Additionally, we analyze the high-dimensional limit n→∞ and demonstrate that while the noncommutativity of measurements is weakened, an information-theoretic gap of O(log2n) from the mutual-information bound inevitably arises for symmetric encoding. This study not only provides a scalable implementation method for high-dimensional quantum information processing but also offers new insights into the mathematical structure at the quantum-classical boundary.

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