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    Robustness of entanglement in a non-Hermitian cavity-optomechanical system even away from exceptional points

    Jia-Jia Wang1, Yu-Hong He1, Chang-Geng Liao1,2,*, Rong-Xin Chen3,†, and Jacob A. Dunningham2,‡

    • 1School of Information and Electronic Engineering (Sussex Artificial Intelligence Institute), Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    • 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
    • 3School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China

    • *Contact author: cgliao@zjgsu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: chenrxas@163.com
    • ‡Contact author: J.Dunningham@sussex.ac.uk

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 013708 – Published 10 July, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/f8pm-7z7r

    Abstract

    Quantum physics can be extended into the complex domain by considering non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that are parity-time (PT) symmetric. These exhibit exceptional points (EPs) where the eigenspectrum changes from purely real to purely imaginary values and have useful properties enabling applications such as accelerated entanglement generation and the delay of the sudden death of entanglement in noisy systems. An interesting question is whether similar beneficial effects can be achieved away from EPs, since this would extend the available parameter space and make experiments more accessible. We investigate this by considering a PT-symmetric optomechanical system but also consider what happens when two-mode squeezing interactions are included, taking us into the pseudo-Hermitian regime. The addition of squeezing is motivated by an attempt to extend the lifetime of the system's entanglement. While this does not prove to be the case, rich dynamics are nonetheless observed in both the pseudo-Hermitian and PT-symmetric systems, including the sudden death and revival of entanglement under certain conditions. In both cases, we find that the sudden disappearance of entanglement can be mitigated at EPs and also show that the revival of entanglement is quite robust to thermal noise in a group of parameters away from the EPs. This investigation extends our understanding of non-Hermitian systems and opens a new perspective for the development of quantum devices in non-Hermitian systems even away from EPs.

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