- Open Access
Dipole-phase evolution of laser-dressed autoionizing states in neon
Phys. Rev. A 113, 043127 – Published 28 April, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/f8kv-1lqj
Abstract
We present theoretical attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy calculations of neon, focusing on the autoionizing state, in an extreme ultraviolet pump, near infrared probe configuration. We find that as the two laser pulses overlap, there is a strong shift in the dipole phase, which we attribute to an effective reduction in the coupling strength between the bound and continuum states as the near infrared pulse makes new pathways accessible. To quantitatively analyze the dipole phase in the presence of perturbed free-induction decay, we demonstrate a method to obtain resonance phase and strength values directly from the dipole spectrum.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (33)
- A. Wirth, M. T. Hassan, I. Grguraš, J. Gagnon, A. Moulet, T. T. Luu, S. Pabst, R. Santra, Z. A. Alahmed, A. M. Azzeer, V. S. Yakovlev, V. Pervak, F. Krausz, and E. Goulielmakis, Synthesized light transients, Science 334, 195 (2011).
- M. B. Gaarde, C. Buth, J. L. Tate, and K. J. Schafer, Transient absorption and reshaping of ultrafast XUV light by laser-dressed helium, Phys. Rev. A 83, 013419 (2011).
- M. Isinger, D. Busto, S. Mikaelsson, S. Zhong, C. Guo, P. Salières, C. L. Arnold, A. L'Huillier, and M. Gisselbrecht, Accuracy and precision of the RABBIT technique, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 377, 20170475 (2019).
- M. Turconi, L. Barreau, D. Busto, M. Isinger, C. Alexandridi, A. Harth, R. J. Squibb, D. Kroon, C. L. Arnold, R. Feifel, M. Gisselbrecht, L. Argenti, F. Martín, A. L'Huillier, and P. Salières, Spin–orbit-resolved spectral phase measurements around a Fano resonance, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 53, 184003 (2020).
- L. Roantree, J. Wragg, H. van der Hart, and A. Brown, Energy- and angle-resolved spectral phases via semirelativistic ab initio RABBITT simulations, Phys. Rev. A 108, 023112 (2023).
- H. Wang, M. Chini, S. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, F. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Wu, U. Thumm, and Z. Chang, Attosecond time-resolved autoionization of argon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 143002 (2010).
- A. Kaldun, C. Ott, A. Blättermann, M. Laux, K. Meyer, T. Ding, A. Fischer, and T. Pfeifer, Extracting phase and amplitude modifications of laser-coupled Fano resonances, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 103001 (2014).
- R. Santra, V. S. Yakovlev, T. Pfeifer, and Z.-H. Loh, Theory of attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of strong-field-generated ions, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033405 (2011).
- J. C. Baggesen, E. Lindroth, and L. B. Madsen, Theory of attosecond absorption spectroscopy in krypton, Phys. Rev. A 85, 013415 (2012).
- S. Chen, M. Wu, M. B. Gaarde, and K. J. Schafer, Quantum interference in attosecond transient absorption of laser-dressed helium atoms, Phys. Rev. A 87, 033408 (2013).
- J. Liu, Y. Li, Y. Hou, J. Wu, and J. Yuan, Transient responses of double core-holes generation in all-attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, Sci. Rep. 14, 1950 (2024).
- L. Hutcheson, M. Hartmann, G. D. Borisova, P. Birk, S. Hu, C. Ott, T. Pfeifer, H. W. van der Hart, and A. C. Brown, Phase evolution of strong-field ionization, Phys. Rev. Res. 7, L022074 (2025).
- A. Kaldun, A. Blättermann, V. Stooß, S. Donsa, H. Wei, R. Pazourek, S. Nagele, C. Ott, C. D. Lin, J. Burgdörfer, and T. Pfeifer, Observing the ultrafast buildup of a Fano resonance in the time domain, Science 354, 738 (2016).
- W. C. Chu and C. D. Lin, Theory of ultrafast autoionization dynamics of Fano resonances, Phys. Rev. A 82, 053415 (2010).
- S. Yan, M. T. Seidel, and H.-S. Tan, Perturbed free induction decay in ultrafast mid-IR pump–probe spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett. 517, 36 (2011).
- V. Stooß, S. M. Cavaletto, S. Donsa, A. Blättermann, P. Birk, C. H. Keitel, I. Březinová, J. Burgdörfer, C. Ott, and T. Pfeifer, Real-time reconstruction of the strong-field-driven dipole response, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 173005 (2018).
- X. Wu, L. Zhang, S. Zhang, and D. Ye, Theory of dipole moment reconstruction by attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. A 104, 063121 (2021).
- P. Brosseau, H. Seiler, S. Palato, C. Sonnichsen, H. Baker, E. Socie, D. Strandell, and P. Kambhampati, Perturbed free induction decay obscures early time dynamics in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy: The case of semiconductor nanocrystals, J. Chem. Phys. 158, 084201 (2023).
- M. Wu, S. Chen, S. Camp, K. J. Schafer, and M. B. Gaarde, Theory of strong-field attosecond transient absorption, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 49, 062003 (2016).
- The quartet thresholds do not affect these calculations and are omitted from later calculations that remove other parts of this atomic structure description.
- K. Schulz, M. Domke, R. Püttner, A. Gutiérrez, G. Kaindl, G. Miecznik, and C. H. Greene, High-resolution experimental and theoretical study of singly and doubly excited resonances in ground-state photoionization of neon, Phys. Rev. A 54, 3095 (1996).
- A. Kramida, Yu. Ralchenko, J. Reader, and NIST ASD Team, NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.12) [Online], National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (2024), https://physics.nist.gov/asd.
- D. Spence, Autoionising states of Ne in the energy range 41 to 52 eV derived from near-threshold scattered-electron spectra, J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Phys. 14, 129 (1981).
- G. Min, Z. Lin-Fan, L. Cun-Ding, and X. Ke-Zun, Optically forbidden excitations of 2s electron of neon studied by fast electron impact, Chin. Phys. Lett. 25, 3646 (2008).
- C. Ott, A. Kaldun, P. Raith, K. Meyer, M. Laux, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel, C. H. Greene, and T. Pfeifer, Lorentz meets Fano in spectral line shapes: A universal phase and its laser control, Science 340, 716 (2013).
- S. Pabst, A. Sytcheva, A. Moulet, A. Wirth, E. Goulielmakis, and R. Santra, Theory of attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy of krypton for overlapping pump and probe pulses, Phys. Rev. A 86, 063411 (2012).
- For the purposes of this work, constant factors have been folded into .
- C. R. Harris, K. J. Millman, S. J. van der Walt, R. Gommers, P. Virtanen, D. Cournapeau, E. Wieser, J. Taylor, S. Berg, N. J. Smith, R. Kern, M. Picus, S. Hoyer, M. H. van Kerkwijk, M. Brett, A. Haldane, J. F. del Río, M. Wiebe, P. Peterson, P. Gérard-Marchant, et al., Array programming with NumPy, Nature (London) 585, 357 (2020).
- U. Fano, Effects of configuration interaction on intensities and phase shifts, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961).
- U. Fano and J. W. Cooper, Spectral distribution of atomic oscillator strengths, Rev. Mod. Phys. 40, 441 (1968).
- T. Ding, C. Ott, A. Kaldun, A. Blättermann, K. Meyer, V. Stooss, M. Rebholz, P. Birk, M. Hartmann, A. Brown, H. V. D. Hart, and T. Pfeifer, Time-resolved four-wave-mixing spectroscopy for inner-valence transitions, Opt. Lett. 41, 709 (2016).
- A. C. Brown, G. S. J. Armstrong, J. Benda, J. Wragg, K. R. Hamilton, Z. Mašín, J. D. Gorfinkiel, and H. W. van der Hart, The RMT repository, GitLab, San Francisco (2026), https://gitlab.com/Uk-amor/RMT/.
- S. Marshallsay, Dataset for Dipole phase evolution of laser-dressed autoionizing states in neon [Data set], Zenodo (2026), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18302428.