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    Phonon condensation and cooling via nonlinear feedback

    Xu Zheng1,*,† and Baowen Li2,1,‡,§

    • *Contact author: Xu.Zheng@Colorado.Edu
    • †Present address: School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
    • ‡Contact author: Baowen.Li@Colorado.Edu
    • §Present address: Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 053511 – Published 11 May, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ddmz-8kvk

    Abstract

    We propose a method to control the energy distribution in multimode mechanical systems using a single nonlinear feedback loop. We demonstrate that this feedback mechanism simultaneously amplifies the fundamental vibrational mode while suppressing all higher-order modes, effectively channeling energy into the lowest-frequency mode. This process mimics the energy redistribution of Fröhlich condensation but is achieved here through a designed feedback force that combines a low-pass gain and a high-pass loss. In the feedback-induced steady state, the fundamental mode exhibits a phase-space distribution similar to that of a phonon laser, characterized by a ring shape and amplitude squeezing. Additionally, we show that the linewidth of the fundamental mode is narrowed by an order of magnitude, corresponding to a significant enhancement in phase coherence. This scheme offers a robust approach to generating coherent mechanical states and phonon lasing without the need for optical gain media or intrinsic material nonlinearities.

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