One-dimensional polar spinor droplets
Phys. Rev. A 114, 033304 – Published 2 September, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d27c-mfn4
Abstract
We derive a channel-resolved Lee-Huang-Yang correction and construct an extended Gross-Pitaevskii model for one-dimensional polar spin-1 quantum droplets. The fluctuation contribution separates into density and spin channels, which supports self-bound droplets even when the spin-independent mean-field interaction is repulsive. Stationary solutions exhibit a continuous crossover from solitonlike to flat-top droplets, accompanied by saturation of the chemical potential and peak density as the particle number increases. Within the parameter range examined here, linear Bogoliubov analysis together with weak-perturbation dynamics supports the stability of both droplet types. A quadratic-Zeeman quench reveals a finite-size crossover in breathing dynamics and distinct nonequilibrium roles of the density and spin fluctuation channels. Representative head-on collisions further show that the finite-size crossover modulates phase-sensitive nonlinear scattering, with in-phase impact producing coalescencelike central retention and out-of-phase impact favoring quasielastic separation. The analysis clarifies how density and spin fluctuations shape equilibrium structure and nonequilibrium response in low-dimensional polar spinor droplets.
