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    Sub-Riemannian lift advantage in quantum control

    Ryan Choi1, Vwani Roychowdhury2, and Louis-S. Bouchard1,*

    • *Corresponding author: lsbouchard@ucla.edu

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 022441 – Published 19 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cvhq-kvhx

    Abstract

    We present an extended-algebra (EA) control workflow for fixed-horizon, bounded-amplitude quantum control. The method optimizes a state-transfer trajectory in a polynomial EA, projects the optimized lifted trajectory to native physical controls using a budgeted dictionary of product-formula approximants, and then refines the resulting waveform on the original idealized physical model with gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE). The sub-Riemannian gradient ascent pulse engineering (SR-GRAPE) method and the direct-GRAPE baseline use the same physical Hamiltonian, amplitude bounds, time horizon, discretization, and terminal physical optimizer; the difference is the initialization supplied to the final physical-space optimization. For Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) preparation with Ising-coupled qubits and local xandy drives, SR-GRAPE changes which basin is reached. In the five-qubit state-growing benchmark, SR-GRAPE reaches F≥0.99 in 25/25 trials with mean fidelity 0.9917, whereas direct physical-space GRAPE from random feasible initialization remains near the F=0.5 GHZ plateau in all 25 trials. Six-qubit state-growing also gives 25/25 successes at F≥0.99, while direct GRAPE remains at mean fidelity 0.4998 with 0/25 successes. In a seven-qubit resource-extended setting with umax=3, SR-GRAPE again reaches F≥0.99 in 25/25 seeds with mean fidelity 0.9901, whereas the corresponding direct-GRAPE baseline remains at mean fidelity 0.5000 with 0/25 successes. For the GHZ task, F>0.5 certifies genuine multipartite entanglement; the F=0.5 plateau does not cross this witness threshold.

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