Sub-Riemannian lift advantage in quantum control
Phys. Rev. A 114, 022441 – Published 19 August, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cvhq-kvhx
Abstract
We present an extended-algebra (EA) control workflow for fixed-horizon, bounded-amplitude quantum control. The method optimizes a state-transfer trajectory in a polynomial EA, projects the optimized lifted trajectory to native physical controls using a budgeted dictionary of product-formula approximants, and then refines the resulting waveform on the original idealized physical model with gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE). The sub-Riemannian gradient ascent pulse engineering (SR-GRAPE) method and the direct-GRAPE baseline use the same physical Hamiltonian, amplitude bounds, time horizon, discretization, and terminal physical optimizer; the difference is the initialization supplied to the final physical-space optimization. For Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) preparation with Ising-coupled qubits and local drives, SR-GRAPE changes which basin is reached. In the five-qubit state-growing benchmark, SR-GRAPE reaches in trials with mean fidelity 0.9917, whereas direct physical-space GRAPE from random feasible initialization remains near the GHZ plateau in all 25 trials. Six-qubit state-growing also gives successes at , while direct GRAPE remains at mean fidelity 0.4998 with successes. In a seven-qubit resource-extended setting with , SR-GRAPE again reaches in seeds with mean fidelity 0.9901, whereas the corresponding direct-GRAPE baseline remains at mean fidelity 0.5000 with successes. For the GHZ task, certifies genuine multipartite entanglement; the plateau does not cross this witness threshold.