- Letter
Reducing NMR shielding uncertainty to the QED scale: Nuclear magnetic dipole moments of and from hydrated
Phys. Rev. A 114, L050803 – Published 10 November, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bnts-69js
Abstract
The accuracy of nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR)-derived nuclear magnetic dipole moments is ultimately limited by the uncertainty of the corresponding NMR shielding constants. Here, using hydrated as a demanding heavy-ion test case, we show that NMR shielding uncertainties related to hydration-shell structure and electronic-structure approximations can be reduced to the QED scale. SCAN-functional based machine-learning-force-field molecular dynamics captures the key experimentally known features of the hydration structure, while coupled-cluster-calibrated four-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham calculations provide the ensemble-averaged shielding with a controlled residual uncertainty. The resulting magnetic moments of and are 1.6198(3) and 1.6357(3), respectively. These values eliminate a systematic error of order and reduce the residual uncertainty to the level. Our workflow provides a transferable route to high-accuracy NMR-derived moments of heavy nuclei used as reference quantities in atomic and nuclear physics.