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Reducing NMR shielding uncertainty to the QED scale: Nuclear magnetic dipole moments of Tl203 and Tl205 from hydrated Tl+

Martin Žňava1,*, Andrej Hurajt2,*, Dariusz Kędziera3, Martin Šulka2, Pavel Neogrády1, and Andrej Antušek2,†

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: andrej.antusek@stuba.sk

Phys. Rev. A 114, L050803 – Published 10 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bnts-69js

Abstract

The accuracy of nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR)-derived nuclear magnetic dipole moments is ultimately limited by the uncertainty of the corresponding NMR shielding constants. Here, using hydrated Tl+ as a demanding heavy-ion test case, we show that NMR shielding uncertainties related to hydration-shell structure and electronic-structure approximations can be reduced to the QED scale. SCAN-functional based machine-learning-force-field molecular dynamics captures the key experimentally known features of the Tl+ hydration structure, while coupled-cluster-calibrated four-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham calculations provide the ensemble-averaged shielding with a controlled residual uncertainty. The resulting magnetic moments of Tl203 and Tl205 are 1.6198(3)μN and 1.6357(3)μN, respectively. These values eliminate a systematic error of order 10−3μN and reduce the residual uncertainty to the 10−4μN level. Our workflow provides a transferable route to high-accuracy NMR-derived moments of heavy nuclei used as reference quantities in atomic and nuclear physics.

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