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    Genuine N-partite non-Gaussian entanglement criterion for N-mode non-Gaussian states generated by N-mode spontaneous parametric down-conversion

    Yu Zhang1, Juan Gao1, and Da Zhang1,2,*

    • 1School of Physics and Information Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
    • 2Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030031, China

    • *Contact author: zhang1556433@sxnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 013713 – Published 8 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bhfw-hcqr

    Abstract

    Multipartite non-Gaussian entanglement serves as a key physical resource for realizing universal continuous-variable quantum computation. Recently, three-mode spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), which enables the deterministic generation of non-Gaussian Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, was observed in superconducting circuits, and the non-Gaussian entanglement properties of these states were characterized. However, to date, no criterion capable of detecting genuine N-partite non-Gaussian entanglement has been proposed. In this work, we put forward a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for the separability of N-mode non-Gaussian GHZ states generated by N-mode SPDC. Building on these separability conditions, we further derive a set of genuine N-partite non-Gaussian entanglement criteria. Through numerical modeling, we demonstrate that quantum states generated by four-mode SPDC exhibit full inseparability and genuine quadripartite non-Gaussian entanglement. Our results hold significant applications for the characterization and certification of multipartite non-Gaussian entanglement.

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