A search was made for Bose-Einstein condensation in superfluid ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ using neutron inelastic scattering. A two-component scattering distribution has been resolved for ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ at 1.2 °K giving direct evidence for the existence of the zero-momentum state. Analysis of the measured data leads to a condensate fraction of (2.4 ± 1)%, a value much smaller than previously estimated.

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