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  • Letter

Crypto-nonlocality in arbitrarily dimensional systems

Jianqi Sheng1, Dongkai Zhang1,2,*, and Lixiang Chen1,†

  • 1Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
  • 2College of Information Science and Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China

  • *Contact author: zhangdk@hqu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: chenlx@xmu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. A 111, L020202 – Published 10 February, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.L020202

Abstract

According to Bell's theorem, any physical theory based on local variables cannot fully reproduce quantum correlations. A critical question arises whether it is possible to develop an alternative framework based on nonlocal variables that can reproduce quantum correlations. Leggett proposed a nonlocal model, termed crypto-nonlocality, grounded in considerations of the reality of photon polarization. However, this model is inherently restricted to two dimensions. In this Letter, we extend the framework to higher dimensions and propose a method for constructing experimentally testable Leggett-type inequalities in arbitrary dimensions. From an information-theoretic perspective, our exploration of models that predict outcomes exceeding the scope of quantum mechanics is particularly intriguing and expected to deepen our understanding of quantum correlations.

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