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  • Letter

Exploiting nonequilibrium phase transitions and strong symmetries for continuous measurement of collective observables

Albert Cabot1, Federico Carollo2, and Igor Lesanovsky1,3,4

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
  • 2Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2TT, United Kingdom
  • 3School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
  • 4Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom

Phys. Rev. A 110, L060601 – Published 23 December, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.110.L060601

Abstract

Dissipative many-body quantum dynamics can feature strong symmetries which give rise to conserved quantities. We discuss here how a strong symmetry in conjunction with a nonequilibrium phase transition allows to devise a protocol for measuring collective many-body observables. To demonstrate this idea we consider a collective spin system whose constituents are governed by a dissipative dynamics that conserves the total angular momentum. We show that by continuously monitoring the system output, the value of the total angular momentum can be inferred directly from the time-integrated emission signal, without the need of repeated projective measurements or reinitializations of the spins. This may offer a route towards the measurement of collective properties in qubit ensembles, with applications in quantum tomography, quantum computation, and quantum metrology.

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