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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Determining the absolute number density of a thermal vapor via photon correlations

Sofia Ribeiro1,2, Adrián Juan-Delgado2, and Simon A. Gardiner3

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Phys. Rev. A 110, L031701 – Published 3 September, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.110.L031701

Abstract

We propose a technique to determine the absolute number density N of an alkali-metal vapor confined within a nanocell. This method is based on near-resonant driving of the vapor's constituent atoms and determining the mean interparticle distance (or equivalently the temperature) from the power spectrum associated with the offset photon intensity-intensity correlation function g(2)(τ)−1. In our investigation, we treat the atoms as an average of interacting and radiating dipole pairs randomly positioned within the nanocell. We observe that the power spectrum of the emitted light has a central dip for interparticle distances corresponding to ∼λ/5 and that this result is robust to variations in the driving Rabi frequency and the average detuning. With our proposed method, we can overcome the limitations in defining the absolute number density N, which is currently typically deduced from the temperature of heating elements applied externally to the cell.

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Phys. Rev. A 110, L031701– Published 3 September, 2024
  • Received 22 May 2024
  • Accepted 21 August 2024
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by Max Planck Society.

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