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Anomalous noise spectra in a spin-exchange-relaxation-free alkali-metal vapor

K. Mouloudakis1,*, J. Kong2,*, A. Sierant1, E. Arkin2, M. Hernández Ruiz1, R. Jiménez-Martínez3, and M. W. Mitchell1,4

  • 1ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
  • 2Department of Physics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
  • 3FieldLine Industries, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
  • 4ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.

Phys. Rev. A 109, L040802 – Published 30 April, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.109.L040802

Abstract

We perform spin-noise spectroscopy on an unpolarized Rb87 vapor in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime. We observe noise spectral distributions that deviate strongly from Lorentzian models that accurately describe lower-density regimes. For example, at magnetic fields of ∼1 µT and Rb87 densities of ≳1×1014 atoms/cm3 we observe an asymmetric spin-noise distribution in which the resonance line is depleted by about half its power, with the diverted power becoming a broad spectral component that could be mistaken for optical shot noise. The results are in good agreement with recent models accounting for correlations between the ground hyperfine states. We discuss implications for quantum sensing and absolute noise calibration in spin squeezing and entanglement detection. The results suggest similarly anomalous spectra for other noise spectroscopies, when noise mechanisms are not aligned with system dynamics.

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