- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review A

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Clock-line photoassociation of strongly bound dimers in a magic-wavelength lattice

O. Bettermann*, N. Darkwah Oppong†, G. Pasqualetti†, L. Riegger, I. Bloch, and S. Fölling

  • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany;
  • Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany;
  • and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany

  • *Oscar.Bettermann@physik.uni-muenchen.de
  • †These authors contributed equally to this work.
PDF

Phys. Rev. A 108, L041302 – Published 3 October, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.108.L041302

Abstract

We report on the direct optical production and spectroscopy of 1S0−3P0 molecules with large binding energy using the clock transition of 171Yb, and on the observation of the associated orbital Feshbach resonance near 1300G. We measure the magnetic field dependence of the closed-channel dimer and of the open-channel pair state energy via clock-line spectroscopy in a deep optical lattice. In addition, we show that the free-to-bound transition into the dimer can be made first-order insensitive to the trap depth by the choice of lattice wavelength. Finally, we determine the fundamental intra- and interorbital scattering lengths and probe the stability of the corresponding pair states, finding long lifetimes in both interorbital interaction channels. These results are promising both for molecular clocks and for the preparation of strongly interacting multiorbital Fermi gases.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (50)

  1. C. He, E. Hajiyev, Z. Ren, B. Song, and G.-B. Jo, Recent progresses of ultracold two-electron atoms, J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 52, 102001 (2019).
  2. A. D. Ludlow, M. M. Boyd, J. Ye, E. Peik, and P. O. Schmidt, Optical atomic clocks, Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 637 (2015).
  3. T. Takano, M. Takamoto, I. Ushijima, N. Ohmae, T. Akatsuka, A. Yamaguchi, Y. Kuroishi, H. Munekane, B. Miyahara, and H. Katori, Geopotential measurements with synchronously linked optical lattice clocks, Nat. Photonics 10, 662 (2016).
  4. W. F. McGrew, X. Zhang, R. J. Fasano, S. A. Schäffer, K. Beloy, D. Nicolodi, R. C. Brown, N. Hinkley, G. Milani, M. Schioppo, T. H. Yoon, and A. D. Ludlow, Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level, Nature (London) 564, 87 (2018).
  5. T. Bothwell, D. Kedar, E. Oelker, J. M. Robinson, S. L. Bromley, W. L. Tew, J. Ye, and C. J. Kennedy, JILA SrI optical lattice clock with uncertainty of 2.0×10−18, Metrologia 56, 065004 (2019).
  6. A. V. Gorshkov, M. Hermele, V. Gurarie, C. Xu, P. S. Julienne, J. Ye, P. Zoller, E. Demler, M. D. Lukin, and A. M. Rey, Two-orbital SU(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms, Nat. Phys. 6, 289 (2010).
  7. M. Foss-Feig, M. Hermele, and A. M. Rey, Probing the Kondo lattice model with alkaline-earth-metal atoms, Phys. Rev. A 81, 051603(R) (2010).
  8. M. Foss-Feig, M. Hermele, V. Gurarie, and A. M. Rey, Heavy fermions in an optical lattice, Phys. Rev. A 82, 053624 (2010).
  9. J. Silva-Valencia and A. M. C. Souza, Ground state of alkaline-earth fermionic atoms in one-dimensional optical lattices, Eur. Phys. J. B 85, 5 (2012).
  10. L. Riegger, N. Darkwah Oppong, M. Höfer, D. R. Fernandes, I. Bloch, and S. Fölling, Localized magnetic moments with tunable spin exchange in a gas of ultracold fermions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 143601 (2018).
  11. M. Kanász-Nagy, Y. Ashida, T. Shi, C. P. Moca, T. N. Ikeda, S. Fölling, J. I. Cirac, G. Zaránd, and E. A. Demler, Exploring the anisotropic Kondo model in and out of equilibrium with alkaline-earth atoms, Phys. Rev. B 97, 155156 (2018).
  12. M. Nakagawa, N. Kawakami, and M. Ueda, Non-Hermitian Kondo effect in ultracold alkaline-earth atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 203001 (2018).
  13. N. Darkwah Oppong, L. Riegger, O. Bettermann, M. Höfer, J. Levinsen, M. M. Parish, I. Bloch, and S. Fölling, Observation of coherent multiorbital polarons in a two-dimensional Fermi gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 193604 (2019).
  14. S. Goto and I. Danshita, Quasiexact Kondo dynamics of fermionic alkaline-earth-like atoms at finite temperatures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 143002 (2019).
  15. R. Zhang and P. Zhang, Tight-binding Kondo model and spin-exchange collision rate of alkaline-earth-metal atoms in a mixed-dimensional optical lattice, Phys. Rev. A 101, 013636 (2020).
  16. A. Sotnikov, N. Darkwah Oppong, Y. Zambrano, and A. Cichy, Orbital ordering of ultracold alkaline-earth atoms in optical lattices, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 023188 (2020).
  17. C. Chin, R. Grimm, P. Julienne, and E. Tiesinga, Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1225 (2010).
  18. R. Zhang, Y. Cheng, H. Zhai, and P. Zhang, Orbital Feshbach resonance in alkali-earth atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 135301 (2015).
  19. M. Höfer, L. Riegger, F. Scazza, C. Hofrichter, D. R. Fernandes, M. M. Parish, J. Levinsen, I. Bloch, and S. Fölling, Observation of an orbital interaction-induced Feshbach resonance in Yb173, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 265302 (2015).
  20. G. Pagano, M. Mancini, G. Cappellini, L. Livi, C. Sias, J. Catani, M. Inguscio, and L. Fallani, Strongly interacting gas of two-electron fermions at an orbital Feshbach resonance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 265301 (2015).
  21. G. Cappellini, L. F. Livi, L. Franchi, D. Tusi, D. Benedicto Orenes, M. Inguscio, J. Catani, and L. Fallani, Coherent manipulation of orbital Feshbach molecules of two-electron atoms, Phys. Rev. X 9, 011028 (2019).
  22. M. Iskin, Two-band superfluidity and intrinsic Josephson effect in alkaline-earth-metal Fermi gases across an orbital Feshbach resonance, Phys. Rev. A 94, 011604(R) (2016).
  23. P. Zou, L. He, X.-J. Liu, and H. Hu, Strongly interacting Sarma superfluid near orbital Feshbach resonances, Phys. Rev. A 97, 043616 (2018).
  24. E. K. Laird, Z.-Y. Shi, M. M. Parish, and J. Levinsen, Frustrated orbital Feshbach resonances in a Fermi gas, Phys. Rev. A 101, 022707 (2020).
  25. F. Ferlaino, S. Knoop, and R. Grimm, Ultracold Feshbach molecules, in Cold Molecules: Theory, Experiment, Applications (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2009), Chap. 9.
  26. T. Zelevinsky, S. Kotochigova, and J. Ye, Precision test of mass-ratio variations with lattice-confined ultracold molecules, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 043201 (2008).
  27. S. Kotochigova, T. Zelevinsky, and J. Ye, Prospects for application of ultracold Sr2 molecules in precision measurements, Phys. Rev. A 79, 012504 (2009).
  28. M. Borkowski, Optical lattice clocks with weakly bound molecules, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 083202 (2018).
  29. S. S. Kondov, C.-H. Lee, K. H. Leung, C. Liedl, I. Majewska, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Molecular lattice clock with long vibrational coherence, Nat. Phys. 15, 1118 (2019).
  30. S. Kato, S. Sugawa, K. Shibata, R. Yamamoto, and Y. Takahashi, Control of resonant interaction between electronic ground and excited states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 173201 (2013).
  31. K. Ono, J. Kobayashi, Y. Amano, K. Sato, and Y. Takahashi, Antiferromagnetic interorbital spin-exchange interaction of Yb171, Phys. Rev. A 99, 032707 (2019).
  32. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevA.108.L041302 for additional information about the experimental methods and theoretical modeling, which includes Refs. [41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50].
  33. N. D. Lemke, A. D. Ludlow, Z. W. Barber, T. M. Fortier, S. A. Diddams, Y. Jiang, S. R. Jefferts, T. P. Heavner, T. E. Parker, and C. W. Oates, Spin-1/2 optical lattice clock, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 063001 (2009).
  34. T. Busch, B.-G. Englert, K. Rzażewski, and M. Wilkens, Two cold atoms in a harmonic trap, Found. Phys. 28, 549 (1998).
  35. F. Deuretzbacher, K. Plassmeier, D. Pfannkuche, F. Werner, C. Ospelkaus, S. Ospelkaus, K. Sengstock, and K. Bongs, Heteronuclear molecules in an optical lattice: Theory and experiment, Phys. Rev. A 77, 032726 (2008).
  36. G. Cappellini, M. Mancini, G. Pagano, P. Lombardi, L. Livi, M. Siciliani de Cumis, P. Cancio, M. Pizzocaro, D. Calonico, F. Levi, C. Sias, J. Catani, M. Inguscio, and L. Fallani, Direct observation of coherent interorbital spin-exchange dynamics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 120402 (2014).
  37. F. Scazza, C. Hofrichter, M. Höfer, P. C. De Groot, I. Bloch, and S. Fölling, Observation of two-orbital spin-exchange interactions with ultracold SU(N)-symmetric fermions, Nat. Phys. 10, 779 (2014).
  38. M. Kitagawa, K. Enomoto, K. Kasa, Y. Takahashi, R. Ciuryło, P. Naidon, and P. S. Julienne, Two-color photoassociation spectroscopy of ytterbium atoms and the precise determinations of s-wave scattering lengths, Phys. Rev. A 77, 012719 (2008).
  39. N. D. Lemke, J. von Stecher, J. A. Sherman, A. M. Rey, C. W. Oates, and A. D. Ludlow, p-wave cold collisions in an optical lattice clock, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 103902 (2011).
  40. A. D. Ludlow, N. D. Lemke, J. A. Sherman, C. W. Oates, G. Quéméner, J. von Stecher, and A. M. Rey, Cold-collision-shift cancellation and inelastic scattering in a Yb optical lattice clock, Phys. Rev. A 84, 052724 (2011).
  41. J. R. de Laeter and N. Bukilic, The isotopic composition and atomic weight of ytterbium, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 252, 222 (2006).
  42. G. Pasqualetti, Isotopic mixtures of ytterbium for quantum simulation of Kondo physics, Master's thesis, LMU München, 2018.
  43. H. Katori, M. Takamoto, V. G. Pal'chikov, and V. D. Ovsiannikov, Ultrastable optical clock with neutral atoms in an engineered light shift trap, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 173005 (2003).
  44. G. Reinaudi, T. Lahaye, Z. Wang, and D. Guéry-Odelin, Strong saturation absorption imaging of dense clouds of ultracold atoms, Opt. Lett. 32, 3143 (2007).
  45. J. E. Sansonetti and W. C. Martin, Handbook of basic atomic spectroscopic data, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 34, 1559 (2005).
  46. M. M. Boyd, T. Zelevinsky, A. D. Ludlow, S. Blatt, T. Zanon-Willette, S. M. Foreman, and J. Ye, Nuclear spin effects in optical lattice clocks, Phys. Rev. A 76, 022510 (2007).
  47. N. D. Lemke, Optical lattice clock with spin-1/2 ytterbium atoms, Ph.D. thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, 2012.
  48. V. V. Flambaum, G. F. Gribakin, and C. Harabati, Analytical calculation of cold-atom scattering, Phys. Rev. A 59, 1998 (1999).
  49. F. Scazza, Probing SU(N)-symmetric orbital interactions with ytterbium Fermi gases in optical lattices, Ph.D. thesis, LMU München, 2015.
  50. J. J. García-Ripoll, S. Dürr, N. Syassen, D. M. Bauer, M. Lettner, G. Rempe, and J. I. Cirac, Dissipation-induced hard-core boson gas in an optical lattice, New J. Phys. 11, 013053 (2009).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. A 108, L041302– Published 3 October, 2023
  • Received 24 March 2020
  • Accepted 5 June 2023
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by the Max Planck Society.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation