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Rapidity and momentum distributions of one-dimensional dipolar quantum gases

Kuan-Yu Li1,2,*, Yicheng Zhang3,4,5,*, Kangning Yang2,6, Kuan-Yu Lin2,6, Sarang Gopalakrishnan3,7, Marcos Rigol3, and Benjamin L. Lev1,2,6

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 2E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 3Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
  • 4Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
  • 5Center for Quantum Research and Technology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
  • 6Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 7Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Phys. Rev. A 107, L061302 – Published 8 June, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.L061302

Abstract

We explore the effect of tunable integrability-breaking dipole-dipole interactions in the equilibrium states of highly magnetic one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases of dysprosium at low temperatures. We experimentally observe that in the strongly correlated Tonks-Girardeau regime, rapidity and momentum distributions are nearly unaffected by the dipolar interactions. By contrast, we also observe that significant changes of these distributions occur when decreasing the strength of the contact interactions. We show that the main experimental observations are captured by modeling the system as an array of 1D gases with only contact interactions, dressed by the contribution of the short-range part of the dipolar interactions. Improvements to theory-experiment correspondence will require different tools tailored to near-integrable models possessing both short- and long-range interactions.

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Phys. Rev. A 107, L061302– Published 8 June, 2023
  • Received 17 November 2022
  • Revised 29 January 2023
  • Accepted 22 May 2023
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