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  • Letter

Distribution of genuine high-dimensional entanglement over 10.2 km of noisy metropolitan atmosphere

Lukas Bulla1,2,*, Kristian Hjorth1,3, Oskar Kohout1,4,5, Jan Lang1, Sebastian Ecker1,2, Sebastian P. Neumann1,2, Julius Bittermann1,2, Robert Kindler1,2, Marcus Huber1,6,† et al.

Martin Bohmann1,2,7,‡, Rupert Ursin1,2,§, and Matej Pivoluska1,6,8,9,¶

  • 1Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
  • 2Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
  • 3Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
  • 4Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
  • 5Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
  • 6Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
  • 7Quantum Technology Laboratories GmbH–qtlabs, Clemens-Holzmeister-Straße 6/6, 1100 Vienna, Austria
  • 8Institute of Computer Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
  • 9Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia

  • *lukas.bulla@oeaw.ac.at
  • †marcus.huber@tuwien.ac.at
  • ‡martin.bohmann@qtlabs.at
  • §rupert.ursin@oeaw.ac.at
  • mpivoluska@mail.muni.cz
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Phys. Rev. A 107, L050402 – Published 30 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.107.L050402

Abstract

Our study investigates the presence of high-dimensional entanglement in a recent demonstration of a noise-resistant quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol presented in [Phys. Rev. X 13, 021001 (2023)]. We determined that it is possible to certify the dimensionality of the distributed entangled states to be at least three. To demonstrate this, we developed an energy-time entanglement discretization technique, as well as an improved witness for entanglement dimensionality. Our results provide insight into the complex relationship between high-dimensional entanglement and the noise resistance of QKD protocols operating in high dimensions.

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Phys. Rev. A 107, L050402– Published 30 May, 2023
  • Received 13 January 2023
  • Accepted 17 April 2023
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