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Statistically significant tests of multiparticle quantum correlations based on randomized measurements

Andreas Ketterer1,2,*, Satoya Imai3, Nikolai Wyderka4, and Otfried Gühne3

  • 1Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
  • 2EUCOR Centre for Quantum Science and Quantum Computing, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
  • 3Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Straße 3, 57068 Siegen, Germany
  • 4Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany

  • *Present address: Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics (IAF), Tullastr. 72, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.

Phys. Rev. A 106, L010402 – Published 6 July, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.106.L010402

Abstract

We consider statistical methods based on finite samples of locally randomized measurements in order to certify different degrees of multiparticle entanglement in intermediate-scale quantum systems. We first introduce hierarchies of multiqubit criteria, satisfied by states which are separable with respect to partitions of different size, involving only second moments of the underlying probability distribution. Then, we analyze in detail the statistical error of the estimation in experiments and present several approaches for estimating the statistical significance based on large deviation bounds. The latter allows us to characterize the measurement resources required for the certification of multiparticle correlations, as well as to analyze given experimental data in detail.

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