Noise-robustness for delegated quantum computation in the circuit model
Phys. Rev. A 114, 042440 – Published 19 October, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9wt6-ht5z
Abstract
Cloud-based quantum computing, coupled with the rapid progress in quantum algorithms, brings to the forefront the question of verifiability in delegated quantum computations. In the current landscape of noisy quantum devices, this question must be addressed alongside noise tolerance. In this work, we revisit the circuit-based framework for verifiable quantum computation introduced by Broadbent [Theory Comput. 14, 1 (2018)], and extend it to the setting of server-side noise. Our contribution is an improved upper bound on the noise-tolerance threshold, achieved through a protocol that interleaves computation and test rounds in an indistinguishable manner. This structure enables a concise security proof against arbitrary deviations by the server, while ensuring robustness to realistic noise.
