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    Qubit-assisted enhancement of force sensitivity in an optomechanical system with a Kerr medium

    Ying-Jian Zhu1,2, Xue Han1,2,*, Hong-Fu Wang1,2,3,4,†, and Shou Zhang1,2,‡

    • 1Department of Physics, College of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
    • 2Institute of Quantum Science and Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
    • 3Institute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130052, China
    • 4Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Quantum Information Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130052 China

    • *Contact author: xuehan@ybu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: hfwang@ybu.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: szhang@ybu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 023704 – Published 9 February, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9w37-r1y8

    Abstract

    The field of force sensing in hybrid optomechanical systems is pivotal for developing quantum technologies. Achieving sensitivity that surpasses the standard quantum limit (SQL) is a central goal, but this is often hindered by practical limitations such as operating power and thermal noise. In this theoretical work, we investigate how qubit-oscillator coupling and Kerr nonlinearity can be harnessed to overcome these challenges. We demonstrate that while each nonlinearity can independently enable surpass-SQL sensitivity, their joint effect significantly enhances performance, widening the detection bandwidth and substantially increasing robustness to thermal fluctuations. Our detailed analysis reveals that these two nonlinear mechanisms act as distinct tools for quantum noise reduction. Qubit-oscillator coupling is effective at suppressing both back-action and shot noise, whereas Kerr nonlinearity provides a powerful, yet frequency-localized suppression of these noise components. Our findings establish this hybrid system as a promising platform for developing highly sensitive and robust quantum sensors capable of operating under less-than-ideal conditions.

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