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    Finite-dimensional approximations of generalized squeezing

    Sahel Ashhab1,2, Felix Fischer3, Davide Lonigro3, Daniel Braak4, and Daniel Burgarth3

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 013703 – Published 2 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9vwp-f35c

    Abstract

    We show unexpected behavior in simulations of generalized squeezing performed with finite-dimensional truncations of the Fock space: even for extremely large dimensions of the state space, the results depend on whether the truncation dimension is even or odd. This situation raises the question of whether the simulation results are physically meaningful. We demonstrate that, in fact, the two truncation schemes correspond to two well-defined, distinct unitary evolutions whose generators are defined on different subsets of the infinite-dimensional Fock space. This is a consequence of the fact that the generalized squeezing Hamiltonian is not self-adjoint on states with finite excitations, but possesses multiple self-adjoint extensions. Furthermore, we present results on the spectrum of the squeezing Hamiltonians corresponding to even and odd truncation sizes that elucidate the properties of the two different self-adjoint extensions corresponding to the even and odd truncation schemes. To make the squeezing operator applicable to a physical system, we must regularize it using other terms that depend on the specifics of the experimental implementation. We show that the addition of a Kerr interaction term in the Hamiltonian leads to uniquely converging simulations, with no dependence on the parity of the truncation size, and demonstrate that the Kerr term indeed renders the Hamiltonian self-adjoint and thus physically interpretable.

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