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    General perturbation theory for local quantum uncertainty and its formulation in the linear-response regime

    A. A. Jimenez-Romero and F. Rojas

    • Departamento de Física, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, 22800 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 022468 – Published 27 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9pz4-6v9q

    Abstract

    We develop a general perturbation theory for the local quantum uncertainty (LQU), a discord-type quantifier of nonclassicality based on the Wigner-Yanase skew information. Starting from a perturbed density matrix ρ=ρ0+ερ1, we derive an explicit first-order expansion of ρ1/2 using an integral representation based on the gamma function, and reduce the LQU optimization to the diagonalization of a (d12−1)×(d12−1) matrix w=w0+w1 defined in terms of the generators of SU(d1). The resulting framework is valid for composite systems of arbitrary dimension d1×d2 and provides a direct computational route to the LQU from the spectral decomposition of the unperturbed state ρ0. We further specialize the theory to the quantum linear-response regime, where the perturbation ρ1 is generated by a time-dependent external field coupled to the system through an operator Â. In this regime, w1 acquires an explicit dependence on the driving frequency ω, the eigenstates and occupation probabilities of the equilibrium Hamiltonian H0, and the matrix elements of Â, establishing a direct link between the LQU and the spectral and dynamical structure of the system. The formalism is applicable to a broad class of physical models, including quantum spin arrays with anisotropic and spin-orbit interactions, atoms coupled to cavity fields, and optomechanical systems. To illustrate the approach, we apply the theory to the isotropic Heisenberg model of two coupled spins subject to a local periodic magnetic field, deriving closed-form analytical expressions for the LQU as a function of temperature T and frequency ω. Comparison with the concurrence shows that, above the entanglement critical temperature Tc, the external perturbation induces a resonantly enhanced quantum discord without generating entanglement. This demonstrates that frequency acts as a tunable modulator of nonclassicality in the linear-response regime, an effect that is purely of quantum-discord type and a property inaccessible to entanglement-based quantifiers.

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