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    Quantum target detection beyond the 6-dB limit and its applications to data reading

    ShengLi Zhang1, Liangsheng Li2,*, JinChun Li2, Wang Sun2, QuanChun Yu2, and Maoxin Liu3

    • *Contact author: liliangshengbititp@163.com

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 012624 – Published 29 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/993k-gnx3

    Abstract

    Target detection employing quantum entanglement is a promising alternative for low-reflectivity detection in noisy environments. Most existing studies model the target as a beam splitter with a linear interaction. In this study we examine a target characterized by a nonlinear interaction, specifically an SU(1,1) interaction. Our analysis reveals that even weak nonlinearity can yield performance surpassing the well-known 6-dB limit associated with Gaussian quantum radar. This advantage is particularly significant in a weak-noisy environment, enabling the study of data reading, which typically occurs when environmental noise is substantially less than 1. Our results demonstrate that for a given interrogation signal intensity and noisy environment NB, a quantum memory cell with an SU(1,1) interaction provides additional enhancement. These findings indicate that SU(1,1) nonlinear interactions constitute a powerful tool for validating quantum-enhanced approaches in radar applications.

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