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    Universality cost of non-Gaussian enhancement in continuous-variable quantum teleportation: A fidelity-deviation trade-off

    Kyoungho Cho1,2, Bongjune Kim3,*, and Jeongho Bang1,4,†

    • 1Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
    • 2Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
    • 3Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
    • 4Department of Quantum Information, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea

    • *Contact author: bongjunekim@jejunu.ac.kr
    • †Contact author: jbang@yonsei.ac.kr

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 033725 – Published 21 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/925y-7c59

    Abstract

    Continuous-variable (CV) quantum teleportation is usually benchmarked by average fidelity, but when the teleportation is repeatedly used within optical networks or measurement-based architectures, uniformity across the input ensemble becomes equally important. We analyze this issue using two complementary figures of merit: the average fidelity and the fidelity deviation, which quantifies the input dependence of the input-conditioned, outcome-averaged teleportation fidelity. We prove that any deterministic unity-gain teleportation channel that is displacement covariant has vanishing fidelity deviation for coherent-state benchmarking, irrespective of whether the shared entangled resource is Gaussian or non-Gaussian. Nonzero deviation therefore diagnoses covariance breaking rather than non-Gaussianity. For a small nonuniform deformation away from a covariant baseline, we derive a local, protocol-dependent relation between the fidelity gain and the induced deviation; this relation is not a universal lower bound on probabilistic or non-Gaussian enhancements. As a concrete example, we study a measurement-based noiseless linear amplification inspired hard-window record-filtering surrogate. Within this model, the resulting trade-off among average fidelity, fidelity deviation, and success probability shows that stronger filtering can improve the conditional fidelity by concentrating the successful events in favored regions of phase space, thereby suppressing the success probability and reducing input uniformity. We further distinguish fidelity nonuniformity, quantified by D, from heralding selectivity, quantified by the input dependence of the success probability. Our results provide an operational framework for distinguishing genuine channel improvement from selectivity-driven postselected advantage and suggest that the probabilistic CV teleportation should be assessed with average quality, universality, and heralding rate treated on an equal footing.

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