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  • Letter

Experimental virtual quantum broadcasting

Yuxuan Zheng1,*, Xinfang Nie2,1,*,†, Hongfeng Liu1,*, Yutong Luo3,4, Dawei Lu1,2,‡, and Xiangjing Liu5,6,7,§

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: niexinfang@quantumsc.cn
  • ‡Contact author: ludw@sustech.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: xiangjing.liu@cnrsatcreate.sg

Phys. Rev. A 111, L060402 – Published 23 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8vrg-tvsd

Abstract

The quantum no-broadcasting theorem states that it is fundamentally impossible to perfectly replicate an arbitrary quantum state, even if correlations between the copies are allowed. While quantum broadcasting cannot occur through any physical process, it can be achieved via postprocessing of experimental data using a process called virtual quantum broadcasting (VQB). In this work, we report an experimental implementation of a quantum circuit based on the linear combination of unitaries, integrated with a postprocessing protocol, to realize VQB in a nuclear magnetic resonance system. VQB can be expressed as a linear combination of two channels: the universal cloner, which broadcasts the target quantum state, and the universal antisymmetrizer, which reduces broadcasting error. We implement both channels within the same circuit and demonstrate that the universal cloner is the closest physical map to VQB. In addition, we show how the universal antisymmetrizer can be utilized to mitigate imperfections in the cloner, enabling near-ideal fidelity. Our method is applicable to broadcasting quantum systems of any dimension.

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